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''Vibrio vulnificus'' is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped (Bacillus), Pathogenic bacteria of the genus ''Vibrio''. Present in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, ''V. vulnificus'' is related to ''''V. cholerae'''', the causative agent of cholera., Infection with ''V. vulnificus'' leads to rapidly expanding cellulitis or septicemia. It was first isolated in 1976.〔 The capsule, made of polysaccharides, is thought to protect against phagocytosis. The observed association of the infection with liver disease (associated with increased serum iron) might be due to the capability of more virulent strains to capture iron bound to transferrin. Toxin production plays a relevant role in pathogenicity.〔Oxford handbook of Infect Dis and Microbiol, 2009〕 ==Signs and symptoms== ''Vibrio vulnificus'' is an extremely virulent bacteria that can cause three types of infections: (1): acute gastroenteritis from eating raw or undercooked shellfish; ''V. vulnificus'' causes an infection often incurred after eating seafood, especially raw or undercooked oysters. It does not alter the appearance, taste, or odor of oysters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/vibriov/#oysters )〕 Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain (2): necrotizing wound infections of injured skin that is exposed to contaminated marine water. In other words, the ''V. vulnificus'' bacteria can enter the body through open wounds when swimming or wading in infected waters,〔 or by puncture wounds from the spines of fish such as tilapia or stingrays. These patients may develop a blistering dermatitis sometimes mistaken for pemphigus or pemphigoid. (3): invasive septicemia after eating raw or undercooked shellfish, especially oysters. ''V. vulnificus'' is 80 times more likely to spread into the bloodstream in people with compromised immune systems, especially those with chronic liver disease. When this happens, severe symptoms including blistering skin lesions, septic shock, and sometimes this can lead to death.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=NCBI Genome Project )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/vibriov/#type )〕 This severe infection may occur regardless of whether the infection began from contaminated food or an open wound.〔 Among healthy people, ingestion of ''Vibrio vulnificus'' can cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In someone with a compromised immune system, particularly those with chronic liver disease, ''Vibrio vulnificus'' can infect the bloodstream, causing a severe and life-threatening illness characterized by fever and chills, decreased blood pressure (septic shock) and blistering skin lesions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vibrio vulnificus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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